444
SOUTHERN SPOTTED WOODCREEPER Xiphorhynchus [erythropygius] aequatorialis (p. 248). Dif
ferences in plumage and voice indicate that the erythropygius group (Mexico to Nicaragua; Northern Spotted
Woodcreeper) and aequatorialis group (Costa Rica to n. Ecuador) are best treated as separate species.
CHERRIE’S [LONG-TAILED] WOODCREEPER Deconychura [longicauda] typica (p. 248). Differences
in morphology, plumage, and voice indicate that the typica group (Honduras to n. Colombia) is best
treated as a species distinct from other S American populations of the Long-tailed Woodcreeper complex,
which may comprise further cryptic species.
SOUTHERN SPOT-CROWNED WOODCREEPER Lepidocolaptes [affinis] neglectus (p. 250). Differenc-
es in plumage and voice indicate that the affinis group (Mexico to Nicaragua; Northern Spot-crowned
Woodcreeper) and neglectus group (Costa Rica to w. Panama) are best treated as separate species.
NORTHERN SPOTTED BARBTAIL Premnoplex [brunnescens] brunneicauda (p. 252). Differences in
song suggest that the brunneicauda group (Costa Rica to Panama) and brunnescens group (S America;
Southern Spotted Barbtail) are best treated as separate species.
PLAIN XENOPS Xenops [minutus] genibarbis (p. 252). Differences in plumage and voice indicate that
the widespread genibarbis group (Plain Xenops, which may contain further cryptic species) is best treated
as a species distinct from the minutus group of se. Brazil (White-throated Xenops).
MIDDLE AMERICAN [BUFF-THROATED] FOLIAGE-GLEANER Automolus [ochrolaemus] cervinigu
laris (p. 256). Differences in plumage and voice indicate that Buff-throated Foliage-gleaner comprises at
least 2 species: the cervinigularis group (Mexico to nw. Panama) and ochrolaemus group (cen. Panama to
S America), in addition to recently split Chiriqui [Buff-throated] Foliage-gleaner A. [o.] exsertus (Pacific
slope in s. Costa Rica and w. Panama).
NORTHERN RUDDY FOLIAGE-GLEANER Clibanornis [rubiginosus] rubiginosus (p. 256). Differences
in plumage and voice indicate that the rubiginosus group (Mexico to w. Ecuador) is best treated as a
species distinct from other S American populations of Ruddy Foliage-gleaner complex, which may
comprise further cryptic species.
GRAY-HOODED [GRAY-THROATED] LEAFTOSSER Sclerurus [albigularis] canigularis (p. 258).
Differences in plumage and song indicate that the canigularis group (Costa Rica to w. Panama) is best
treated as a species separate from populations of the Gray-throated Leaftosser complex in S America,
which, on the basis of songs, comprises at least 3 more cryptic species: S. [a.] albigularis of n. S America,
S. [a.] albicollis of sw. Amazonia, and S. [a.] zamorae of e. Ecuador and e. Peru.
WESTERN WHITE-FLANKED ANTWREN Myrmotherula [axillaris] melaena (p. 266). Differences in
plumage and song indicate that the melaena group (Cen America and w. S America) and axillaris group
(e. S America) are best treated as separate species.
HOFFMANN’S [BLACK-FACED] ANTTHRUSH Formicarius [analis] hoffmanni (p. 272). Differences
in plumage and song indicate that Black-faced Antthrush comprises at least 3 species (Howell 1994):
hoffmanni group (Honduras to nw. Venezuela) is here split from Mayan Antthrush (n. Middle America),
and analis group (widespread in S America).
BLACK-HOODED [BLACK-HEADED] ANTTHRUSH Formicarius [nigricapillus] nigricapillus (p. 272).
Differences in plumage and song indicate that the nigricapillus group (Central America) and destructus
group (nw. S America; Choco Antthrush) are best treated as separate species.
SPECTACLED [STREAK-CHESTED] ANTPITTA Hylopezus [perspicillatus] perspicillatus (p. 274). Dif
ferences in plumage and song indicate that Streak-chested Antpitta comprises 2 species whose ranges split
in Costa Rica.
TAWNY-FLANKED [STREAK-CHESTED] ANTPITTA Hylopezus [perspicillatus] intermedius (p. 274).
See above under Spectacled Antpitta.
CENTRAL AMERICAN SHARPBILL Oxyruncus [cristatus] frater (p. 276). Differences in plumage and
voice indicate that the frater group (Costa Rica to nw. Colombia) is best treated as a species distinct from
S American populations of Sharpbill, which likely comprise further cryptic species, including hypoglaucus
group of Peru to n. Brazil, and cristatus group of se. Brazil region.